Alewife, a type of herring, is a small, silver-scaled fish commonly found in freshwater and coastal waters across North America. Known for their migratory behavior, alewives are often sought after by anglers for bait or as a catch in their own right.

Successfully catching alewife requires understanding their habits, preferred environments, and the effective techniques to draw them in. This guide will provide the essential information for how to catch alewife.

What Are Alewife

Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) are small, anadromous fish that belong to the herring family. They typically measure between 6 to 12 inches in length and are recognized by their laterally compressed, silver body with a greenish or bluish back. Alewife are native to the Atlantic coastline of North America but can also be found in the Great Lakes and other freshwater systems, where they thrive in both migratory and landlocked populations.

These fish are vital to the ecosystem, serving as a significant food source for larger predatory fish, seabirds, and marine mammals. Alewife are also a key species in commercial and recreational fisheries due to their abundance and utility as baitfish. Their life cycle involves spawning in freshwater during springtime and maturing in saltwater or large freshwater systems, depending on the population.

Why Alewife Fishing is Popular

Alewife fishing has gained popularity among anglers for several compelling reasons. First, alewives are an excellent bait fish, prized for attracting larger predator species such as bass, trout, and striped bass. Their abundance in many freshwater and coastal ecosystems makes them an accessible and reliable resource for fishing enthusiasts. Additionally, some anglers enjoy the challenge of targeting alewives themselves, particularly during their spawning migrations when they become more active and concentrated in certain areas.

Beyond their practicality, alewife fishing offers a hands-on way to connect with local ecosystems, providing insight into aquatic food chains and seasonal wildlife behaviors. For many, it’s both a productive and rewarding pursuit.

Where Do Alewife Live?

Alewife inhabit a range of environments depending on their life stage and population type. Anadromous alewife spend the majority of their lives in the ocean but migrate to freshwater streams, rivers, and lakes to spawn in the spring. Spawning typically occurs in slow-moving freshwater areas such as ponds, wetlands, or the backwaters of rivers where conditions are favorable for their eggs to hatch.

Landlocked alewife populations, commonly found in the Great Lakes and other freshwater systems, spend their entire lives in these large bodies of water without returning to the ocean. Both anadromous and landlocked alewives are drawn to areas with abundant plankton and small invertebrates, their primary food sources.

They tend to prefer cooler, well-oxygenated waters, often venturing into deeper zones during warmer months and returning to shallower areas in cooler seasons. This adaptability allows alewife to flourish in diverse aquatic environments.

Best Times to Catch Alewife

The best times to catch alewife largely depend on their migratory patterns and seasonal behavior. Spring is considered the optimal season for alewife fishing, as this is when anadromous populations migrate to freshwater streams and rivers to spawn. During this period, alewives are more concentrated and active in shallow freshwater areas, making them easier to locate and catch.

Early morning and late evening are particularly productive times, as alewives tend to feed more actively during these hours, especially in low-light conditions. For landlocked populations, summer can also provide excellent opportunities, particularly during their peak feeding periods in deeper, cooler waters.

Monitoring water temperatures is crucial, as alewives are most active in waters ranging from 50°F to 70°F. Anglers who align their efforts with these patterns and times will increase their chances of a successful catch.

Tools and Equipment for Catching Alewife

Catching alewife requires specific tools and equipment to ensure a successful and efficient experience. One of the most common methods for targeting alewife is using a cast net, which allows anglers to capture a large number of fish at once. Cast nets with a mesh size of around 3/8 inch are ideal, as they prevent smaller alewives from slipping through while still being easy to handle.

Dip nets, or hand nets, are another useful tool, particularly when targeting alewives in shallow waters or during their spawning runs. For those who prefer rod-and-reel fishing, light tackle with small hooks, such as size 10 or 12, and bait mimicking plankton, insects, or small organisms can be effective.

Using proper lighting can also be beneficial, especially during nighttime fishing when alewives are more active and drawn to illuminated areas. Submersible fishing lights or lanterns can be used to attract schools of fish to a specific spot, improving catch rates significantly.

Additionally, having a bucket or live well to keep the alewives fresh and alive is crucial if they are intended to be used as bait for larger species later. Lastly, wearing polarized sunglasses during daylight hours helps reduce glare on the water’s surface, making it easier to spot schooling alewives.

Having the right tools and equipment not only enhances the fishing experience but also increases the likelihood of success.

10 Methods How to Catch Alewife

1. Understand Alewife Behavior and Habitats

Alewife are typically found in freshwater lakes, rivers, and coastal waters. They prefer cooler temperatures and are often spotted in large schools. During their spawning season in spring, they migrate to shallow rivers or streams, making these areas prime fishing spots. Observing their behavior, such as their tendency to stay close to the surface at night or their preference for sheltered areas, can help you plan your approach.

2. Use a Cast Net for Efficient Catching

One of the most effective methods for catching alewife is using a cast net. Cast nets are ideal for targeting schooling fish, as you can capture multiple alewife in one throw. Look for schools of alewife near the water’s surface and cast the net over them. Practice your casting technique to ensure the net opens fully upon release, maximizing your chances of a good catch. Ensure the mesh size of your net is small enough to trap alewife without allowing them to escape.

3. Try Dip Netting During Spawning Runs

During the alewife spawning season, dip netting can be a straightforward and effective method. Position yourself along a stream or riverbank where alewife are migrating upstream. Use a dip net to scoop them directly from the water as they swim by. This method works best in narrow, shallow waterways where fish movement is concentrated. Keep your movements slow and deliberate to avoid startling the fish.

4. Utilize Lights for Night Fishing

Alewife are attracted to light, especially at night, making night fishing a highly effective method. Set up a bright light source near the water’s edge or on a boat to draw them closer to the surface. Once the alewife gather, you can use a net or other trapping methods to catch them. Be patient, as it may take some time for the light to attract a significant number of fish.

5. Employ Sabiki Rigs for Targeted Catching

A Sabiki rig, a fishing line equipped with multiple small hooks and lures, is an excellent tool for catching alewife. The tiny hooks and flashy lures mimic plankton or small baitfish, which alewife readily bite. Drop the Sabiki rig into areas where alewife schools are visible, and jig it gently to entice bites. This method allows you to catch multiple fish simultaneously, making it efficient for bait collection.

6. Use Small Hooks and Bait

If you prefer traditional fishing methods, using a rod and reel with small hooks is an effective approach. Alewife have small mouths, so opt for hooks no larger than size 8 or 10. For bait, use pieces of worm, bread, or dough balls, as alewife are opportunistic feeders. Cast your line into areas with visible schools, and keep your movements subtle to avoid scaring the fish.

7. Set Up a Trap Net

Trap nets are another effective method for catching alewife, especially in areas with high fish traffic. These stationary nets are designed to funnel fish into a holding area, preventing their escape. Place the trap net in shallow waters or along migration routes during the spawning season. Regularly check the net to collect your catch and prevent overcrowding, which can stress the fish.

8. Monitor Water Temperature and Conditions

Water temperature plays a crucial role in alewife activity. They are most active in cooler waters, typically between 45°F and 65°F. Use a thermometer to monitor water temperature and adjust your fishing times accordingly. Overcast days or dawn and dusk periods are also ideal, as alewife tend to stay closer to the surface during these times. Being mindful of environmental conditions increases your chances of a successful catch.

9. Fish in Areas with Current or Flow

Alewife are often found in areas with moving water, such as river mouths, stream inlets, or channels. The current brings in plankton and other food sources, attracting alewife. Position yourself near these areas and use a net, rig, or rod and reel to target the fish. Pay attention to water flow patterns and look for signs of fish activity, such as ripples or jumping fish.

10. Practice Sustainable Fishing Techniques

When fishing for alewife, it’s essential to follow sustainable practices to protect their populations and the ecosystems they support. Avoid overfishing by catching only what you need, whether for bait or consumption. Use legal equipment and abide by local regulations regarding fishing seasons, limits, and protected areas. Handle the fish gently and release any unintended catches promptly to minimize harm.

Tips for Achieving the Best Results When Catching Alewife

Scout Locations in Advance 

  Spend time researching and scouting prime alewife habitats before heading out. Identify areas with abundant schools, such as shallow streams during spawning season or locations with steady water flow. Understanding the environment in advance saves time and increases success.

Time Your Fishing Trip Wisely 

  The most productive times for catching alewife are during dawn, dusk, or nighttime, especially with the use of lights to attract them. Additionally, monitor seasonal migrations so you can target them during their peak movements in spring.

Upgrade Your Equipment 

  Ensure your nets, rods, and other tools are in excellent condition. For best results, use gear specifically designed for small schooling fish, such as small-mesh nets, lightweight rods, and fine fishing lines paired with size-appropriate hooks.

Stay Stealthy and Patient 

  Alewife can be sensitive to disturbances. Move slowly and minimize noise when fishing near schools. This helps keep them from scattering and makes it easier to gather a significant haul.

Experiment with Different Methods 

  Don’t limit yourself to a single approach. Test various methods such as cast nets, Sabiki rigs, and trap nets to see which works best in your chosen fishing location. Flexibility often leads to better results.

Learn to Identify Fish Activity 

  Keep an eye out for surface ripples, jumping fish, or shimmering water, which are signs of alewife activity. Observing these cues helps position yourself for optimal catches.

Keep Safety in Mind 

  When fishing at night or near strong currents, prioritize safety by wearing appropriate gear like non-slip footwear and life jackets. Always carry a flashlight or headlamp for visibility and stay aware of your surroundings.

Conclusion

Catching alewife can be a rewarding experience, whether for bait, food, or the sheer enjoyment of fishing. By understanding their behavior and employing the appropriate methods, you can maximize your success while respecting the environment. Now that you know how to catch alewife, try it yourself today and feel good about completing such a big DIY job!